Cell and gene therapies are among the most advanced treatments of our time. They are also some of the most complex. Gene therapy (GTs) using viral vectors to replace or repress a faulty gene has greatly advanced in recent years, and there have been notable clinical successes in gene replacement and editing. Revolutionary as it is, the field is still in its infancy. Current ex-vivo regimens of GT entail a long manufacturing process, making it difficult to manufacture at scale. In-vivo treatment still requires multiple steps for vector engineering and synthesizing genetic materials for replacement. Due to the difficulties in production at scale and the complexity of treatment in healthcare, breakthroughs like these come slowly toward patient access. Our panel of experts will explore what’s needed to accelerate the pace of R&D and the clinical applications of these promising therapies.