Despite years of effort, health data remains fragmented across institutions, sectors, and companies. There is no standardized way to collect or store non-individualized patient data; potentially useful information from personal devices often goes unleveraged. Lacking a clear framework, researchers and regulators are uncertain how to integrate real-world data into their work. With the data siloed, inaccessible, and unintegrated, advanced technologies and analytics can’t be translated into innovative treatments and improved patient outcomes. How can we overcome this fragmentation so we can appropriately collect and analyze health data in a way that will drive innovation and improve outcomes for all?