Marcelo Giugale is the Director of the World Bank’s Department of Financial Advisory and Banking Services—the team of professionals who help emerging and developing countries manage their reserves, lighten their debts, and hedge their risks. A former Director of country, sector, and practice Departments, and an international development leader, his twenty-nine years of experience span the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Latin-America, and Africa, where he led senior-level policy dialogue and over thirty billion dollars in lending operations across the development spectrum. A Fellow of the US National Academy of Public Administration, he has published on macroeconomic policy, finance, subnational fiscal rules, development economics, business, agriculture, and applied econometrics. Notably, he was the chief editor of collections of policy notes published for the presidential transitions in Mexico (2000), Colombia (2002), Ecuador (2003), Bolivia (2006) and Peru (2006).