Africa’s development and climate ambitions demand unprecedented levels of investment that far exceed what either traditional finance or foreign assistance can deliver alone. Achieving this scale will require bringing the full spectrum of capital instruments to the table, from grants and concessional funding to guarantees, subordinated and patient capital, and fully commercial investment. Building on a decade of innovation and practical experience, and with examples from sectors such as infrastructure, agriculture, and technology, this session will explore what has worked, what remains to be unlocked, and how diverse forms of capital can work together to scale investment flows. The discussion will convene leaders from sovereign wealth funds, development finance institutions, philanthropies, banks, and asset managers to examine proven structures, new models, and actionable ways to accelerate capital mobilization and investment across Africa.