Shifts in biomedical research policy and funding are putting new pressures on the US research ecosystem. Institutions including universities, government-funded labs, and academic medical centers—sitting at the nexus of patient care, research, and education—face mounting challenges to sustain their missions amid unprecedented shifts. As retirements accelerate and fewer young life-scientists enter the field, the workforce risks decline. At the same time, other nations are expanding support for science and developing incentives to attract US-trained scientists and researchers to research-sites abroad. This panel will discuss the future of the biomedical workforce in the US and the implications of the global competition for talent.