The current environment has highlighted the important role of antibiotics and vaccines in our lives, economy, and future. As the pipeline of new antibiotics continues to dwindle, the need for incentives to attract capital becomes more urgent than ever. The establishment of the Antimicrobial Resistance Action Fund offers near-term funding relief, but longer-term solutions are urgently needed to promote a sustainable market for these life-saving treatments. As pathogens continually mutate, so too must investment strategies and mechanisms adapt. What are the most promising investment opportunities in drugs and healthcare today? What can we learn from other pilots, sectors, and regions? What incentives are needed to attract private investment to this space? How can the financial community help to translate ideas into action?